BookWhere will retrieve and display record of the following formats:

• USMARC - The USMARC formats are (American) standards for the representation and communication of bibliographic and related information in machine-readable form. Formats are defined for five types of data: bibliographic, holdings, authority, classification, and community information. (The USMARC Formats: Background and Principles, Library of Congress, 1996)
• CanMARC - The Canadian MARC Communication Formats serve as the common standard for the exchange of machine-readable authority, bibliographic, classification, and holdings data in Canada. (Introduction to CAN/MARC, National Library of Canada, 1998)
  Note: CanMARC and USMARC have been harmonized into MARC21. However, continued support for these record types has been provided to ensure backwards compatibility. USmarc should be used when the user specifically desires MARC21.
• UniMARC - The primary purpose of UniMARC is to facilitate the international exchange of bibliographic data in machine-readable form between national bibliographic agencies. UNIMARC may also be used as a model for the development of new machine-readable bibliographic formats. (IFLA Universal Bibliographic Control and International MARC Core Programme (UBCIM), 1994)
• UKMARC - The UKMARC format is the standard developed, managed and promoted by the British Library and applied by the Library in its bibliographic products and services and by many UK libraries in their bibliographic processing operations. (UKMARC Web Page, British Library National Bibliographic Service (NBS), 1999)
• NorMARC - The MARC standard for Norway.
• MAB2 - The machine readable cataloguing format of the National Library of Germany
• GRS-1 - Generic Record Syntax. A generic record syntax that provides a hierarchical record structure which is also capable of delivering full text.
• SUTRS - Simple Unstructured Record Syntax. A free text type of record sometimes used to deliver brief information about a record. Client applications are expected to display this in an 80-column format using non-proportional typeface.
• HTML - HyperText Markup Language. A language used for 'marking' up free text for display in today's common web browsing software.
• XML - Extensible Markup Language. A newer W3C standard used to markup/delimit information exchanged over the Internet. The popularization of XML has come because of its flexibility, and platform independence. BookWhere and the Z39.50 Protocol BookWhere uses the Z39.50 protocol to search and retrieve data on the Internet.

BookWhere Z39.50 Features
BookWhere implements the origin side of Z39.50 - 1995 and therefore supports both protocol versions 2 and 3. The software exceeds the Baseline version 3 client side requirements of the protocol. By default, BookWhere will attempt to establish a version 3 connection with targets. However, an option is provided to force a version 2 connection in the Host properties dialogue.

Query Formulation
BookWhere fully supports the Type-1 Query.

Attribute Sets
BIB-1
The Z39.50 protocol defines the Bib-1 attribute set. This set specifies various Use (search) Attributes useful for bibliographic queries supporting common fields such as "Author", "Title", "Subject Heading", "Any", "ISBN", etc. BookWhere allows the user to specify any Use Attribute defined in Bib-1. Most targets (servers) only support a limited number of Use Attributes. BookWhere provides features that will automatically eliminate from the display those Use Attributes not supported by specific target systems.

GILS
The GILS attribute set is part of the GILS (Global Information Locator Service) profile of Z39.50. The GILS Use Attributes include additional search attributes (such as bounding coordinates for geo-spatial data).

The Bib-1 and GILS Use Attributes are displayed in the query dialogue.

Response Records
The protocol distinguishes two types of records that may occur in response messages from the server: database and diagnostic records.

Database Records Supported
BookWhere supports a wide range of Database records. A complete list is available.

Diagnostic Records
BookWhere fully supports the Bib-1 diagnostic set (http://lcweb.loc.gov/z3950/agency/defns/bib1diag.html)

Services
The following Z39.50 facilities and services are supported in BookWhere.

INIT:
The Init service allows the origin (BookWhere) to establish a Z-association. In the Settings | Z39.50 Servers dialog the Test Host and Test All buttons cause BookWhere to send an INIT request to the target systems. BookWhere will change the color of the icon beside a host entry based on the INIT Response from the target system. A red color indicates that the server failed to respond and a green color indicates a successful response. A black icon indicates that the server has not been tested.

SEARCH:
The Search service enables an origin to query databases at a target system, and to receive information about the results of the query. The origin may specify a preferred record syntax for retrieval records. In BookWhere the preferred record syntax is specified in the Database Properties dialog.

RETRIEVAL FACILITY:
The Retrieval facility consists of two services: Present and Segment.

PRESENT:
The Present service allows the origin to request response records corresponding to database records represented by a specified result set.

SEGMENT:
This service is not supported in BookWhere.

BROWSE FACILITY:
The Browse facility consists of a single service, SCAN.

SCAN SERVICE:
This service is used to scan an ordered term-list (subject terms, names, titles, etc.). The ordering of the term-list is target defined. The origin specifies a term-list to scan and a starting term (implicitly, by specifying an attribute/term combination and a database-id), the size of the scanning steps, and the desired number of entries and position of the starting term in the response.

TERMINATION FACILITY:
The Termination Facility consists of the single service, Close.

CLOSE SERVICE:
This service allows either an origin or target to abruptly terminate all active operations and to initiate termination of the Z-association.

Export Formats Supported

• ProCite
• Reference Manager
• Text
• Tabbed Text
• MARC
• Ibidem (DOS)
• Ibidem (Windows)
• Citation 7/8
• Refer
• InMagic
• Edibase (English)
• Edibase (Zones fancaise)
• XML